九州の城巡り!

 

Fukuoka Now’s Guide to Four Fine Fortresses

Grand fortresses overlooking the territory of past feudal lords, Japanese castles provide a way to look backwards in time to a medieval Japan. Built almost entirely from wood and stone, these immense structures served many functions, namely as strategic locations for military defense, centers of regional governance, and as homes for feudal lords and their families. Because these castles served multiple purposes, there is a subtle beauty that resonates in the convergence between the two extremes, such as the stark contrast between the delicately curved gables and the many defensive architectural details, or between the serene surrounding landscapes visible today and the images of blood-stained battles that they bring to mind.

The first castles in Japan were named yamashiro, or mountain-castles, and were built using material excavated from the mountains on which they stood. As Japan entered periods of civil unrest, these castles quickly increased in number and strength. Initially their sole purpose was military defence, and these castles shared little resemblance to the much more extravagant castles that followed in the senkoku jidai, or Warring States period. In the 15th century, Japan entered into a 150-year-long civil war, in which it became necessary for the daimyo, or feudal lords, to fortify their residences. This marked the beginning of what many people nowadays would consider to be the “typical style” of Japanese castles. While it was definitely important to have a strong military defense during the war, it was almost equally important to appear intimidating to neighboring clans. The best way to do this was to communicate wealth and power through a tall and elaborately designed keep tower. The castles of this time period were just as much works of art as they were military headquarters. With the invention of gunpowder, the Japanese castle evolved once again, equipped with a large stone base, advanced weaponry, concentric baileys, and was normally built upon a flat plain for easy administration.
Though many have been reconstructed, there are an extremely limited number of castles with their original keeps remaining in Japan today, and unfortunately none of them are in Kyushu. Perhaps the most well-known of these castles is Himeji Castle, located in Hyogo prefecture and nicknamed the White Heron Castle in reference to its white plaster walls. The relatively small number of castles standing today can be attributed both to attacks by neighboring clans since the Heian Period, and to lightning strikes, a result of their precarious position on hilltops. All remaining original castles were declared national treasures by the government in 1951. In the 1960s, Japan experienced a castle restoration boom, and many of the more famous castles were rebuilt using concrete, although there has been a movement in more recent times to use primarily wood in an attempt to maintain some authenticy. Today, there are a total of ten castles with keeps standing in Kyushu. The most famous of these ten is easily Kumamoto Castle, designed by the famous Kato Kiyomasa and the third largest castle in Japan, ranking ahead of even Himeji Castle and behind only Osaka and Nagoya castles.

Of the limited number of castles available to visit in Kyushu, we have selected what we believe to be four of the best, and once you see them for yourself, you’re sure to feel the same way. These castles belong to a very different Japan, one where samurai exist outside of movies, where clan loyalty is often stronger than nationalism, and where a person can live beneath the shadow of a castle their entire life without once having permission to enter. Having such unrestricted access to these fortresses today is a privilege, one not available to those around while the castles were still in use. For short-term visitors to Fukuoka, you don’t want to pass up this great opportunity to experience such an important piece of Japanese culture. Fukuoka residents, if you haven’t yet witnessed the splendor of oshiro, take a peek at a few of the descriptions on the following page. Perhaps it’s about time you had a look for yourself at these wonderful treasures sitting in your backyard!

Special thanks to Daniel O’Grady of “Kyushu Castles” for much of the information and some photos. Visit his website “Castles of Kyushu” at www.japanese-castle-explorer.com/
Timeline
Ancient Times (~ 1160s)
Contrary to the belief that a castle consists of one main tower, the keep tower is actually but one part of a standard castle. Originally, castles were built to satisfy the need to protect one’s land and to display a symbol of political authority.
Middle Ages (1160s ~ 1568)
Like China and many European countries, many areas in Japan were quick to adopt a social system revolving around a centralized castle. During the Middle Ages, the number of castles built for samurai protection greatly increased. Also, the strategic positioning of castles allowed them to play a stronger role during this period.
Unification Period (1568 ~ 1867)
With the senkoku-jidai (Warring States period), the keep tower and giant stone wall, both key elements to the popular image of Japanese castles, made their appearance. During the Edo period, flatland castles became more prevalent, and practicality became less important than demonstrating political power through a giant, splendorous keep tower.
Recent Past (1867 ~ 1945)
During the Meiji period, many castles were dismantled by the Japanese government and imperial army. Also, natural disasters and remaining damage from the recent warring period contributed to the decreasing number of castles in Japan.
Present Day (1945~)
Castle reconstruction and restoration began in the Showa period with the intention of promoting the surrounding area. Nowadays, castles play an important role in preserving a city’s history by making important cultural property available for viewing. Also, their presence allows residents to escape from the stresses of city-life to do a bit of sightseeing.

Four Castles in Four Corners of Kyushu
A mini-guide to a few of our favorites

Located in the northern part of Karatsu City, Karatsu Castle was built over a seven year period by the area’s first feudal lord, Hirotaka Terazawa, reaching completion in 1608. Pieces of the abandoned Nagoya Castle were recovered and used in the construction of the original Karatsu Castle. Today, the castle is standing proudly thanks to a restoration effort made back in 1966. Today, the castle’s nickname is “Maizuru-jo,” or “Castle of the Soaring Crane,” due to the visual effect created by the pine groves (wings) on either side of the castle keep (head). Nowadays, the castle acts as a museum, housing various types of feudal artifacts. Head up to the fifth floor, which has now been renovated into an observatory and offers a tremendous view of the surrounding area. Use any remaining free time to check out Maizuru Park, well known for its Cherry Blossoms in the spring and Wisteria in the summer.
Access
From Tenjin Bus Center, hop on the Karatsu bound express bus and take it to the Oteguchi stop. From there, transfer onto the circular bus-route (Showa-bus) heading for Karatsu Castle, taking it until your final destination. The first leg of your trip will take approximately 70 minutes, followed by a 5 minute ride to Karatsu Castle. Get off at Karatsu-jo-iriguchi bus stop. The castle is within eyesight. A regular ticket will cost ¥1,000 (¥1,800 round trip), or take advantage of the SUNQ Pass featured on the next page.
Castle Information
Open: 9:00~17:00
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥400, Child: ¥200
Address: 8-1 Higashi-jonai, Karatsu-shi, Saga
TEL: 0955-72-5697

Obi Castle is located in an old-style town in Miyazaki Prefecture, roughly an hour south of Miyazaki city. The castle was reportedly erected during the nambokucho jidai, or period of northern and southern dynasties, in an effort to extend the influence of the local samurai. Following the construction, the Obi Castle’s hegemony spent a period of time fighting with neighboring clans, but after the area experienced a large earthquake, a new castle was built in its place in 1693. More recently, the castle was restored in the late 1970s during the castle restoration boom that swept Japan. Along with the nine carefully arranged separate buildings, everything else within Obi castle, such as the gate, the temple, the stone walls, all carry an air of refinement. As visitors to Obi castle pass through the large front gate, it is easy to see the strong influence of the Edo Period in just about everything. Also, within the nine separate structures spread about the castle, the palace areas are wonderfully reproduced using Japanese cedar of 100 years or greater. In addition, the castle gates and stone walls are firmly intact, and are definitely worth viewing in full. The surrounding town of the Ito family household is flourishing, and is nicknamed “Kyushu’s little Kyoto.” With giant stone walls, warehouses, a merchant street, a street for samurai residences, and more, exploring this area by foot or rental bicycle is a great way to spend the day.
Access
From Tenjin Bus Center, catch the Miyazaki bound express bus and get off at the Miyako City stop. This first leg should take about 230 minutes. From there, transfer onto the Obi bound bus (Miyako-bus) for an approximately 110 minute ride. Get off at the Obi-joshita stop. You can see the castle from there. Purchase a regular ticket for ¥6,000 (¥10,000 round trip), a set of four for ¥19,200, or take advantage of the SUNQ Pass featured on the next page.
Castle Information
Open: 9:30～17:00
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥600, High School or University Student: ¥450, Elementary or Middle School Students: ¥350
Address: 10-1-2 Obi, Nichinan City, Miyazaki
TEL: 0987-25-4533

Shimabara City, located in the southeast region of Nagasaki Prefecture, is home to the wonderful Shimabara Castle, situated at the foot of Mount Unzen looking out over Ariake Sea. Feudal lord Shigemasa Matsukura spent seven years erecting this castle, which reached completion in 1624. In 1960, the castle underwent an extensive restoration process. Standing by the ruins of the past front gate to the imperial residence, there is a beautiful contrast between the bright blue sky and the five-story-high castle keep. Though the castle wall is nearing 380 years old, it still holds the same sense of strength and beauty that it did when it was first built. Also, in the castle’s moat bloom iris flowers in the spring and lotus flowers in the summer, sprinkling color throughout the bordering area of the castle. Look in whichever direction you please while on the castle grounds and you will always be faced with gorgeous scenery. The exterior aside, the castle’s interior holds fascinating exhibits of documents and artifacts chronicling early Christianity and the Hansei period. The Shimabara Peninsula was the site of a massive uprising of Christian peasants, albeit one where both sides suffered major losses. This event holds a great amount of historical significance for the region, and Shimabara Castle is a key location to visit for those with an interest in the subject. Moreover, there are numerous pieces of information and accounts regarding the infamous eruption of Mount Unzen, a volcano located in Nagasaki Prefecture.
Access
From Tenjin Bus Center, catch the Shimabara bound express bus and get off at Shimabara-ekimae (Shimabara train station). The trip will take approximately 175 minutes. From the station it is an eight-minute walk. Purchase a regular ticket for ¥2,900 (¥4,600 round trip), or a set of four tickets for ¥9,200. The SUNQ Pass as described on the next page is another option.
Castle Information
Open: 9:00~17:30
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥520, Elementary, Middle, or High School Students: ¥260
Address: 1-1183-1 Jonai, Shimabara City, Nagasaki
TEL: 0957-62-4766

In 1877, in what is now Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan’s last desperate civil war was fought beside Kumamoto Castle. A group of former-samurai had risen in resistance to the newly empowered Meiji government, and of course was ultimately unsuccessful in defeating the government’s higher numbers and advanced weaponry. One can imagine the dark, ominous keep tower of Kumamoto Castle watching over the scene, while much of the castle itself is violently dismantled as a result of the onslaught. Two and a half centuries before this event, Kumamoto Castle had just reached completion at the hands of Kato Kiyomasa, a Japanese lord and commander known for his Spartan-like character. In 1960, much of the castle was restored, and the main keep tower was completely rebuilt. Today, the castle lies right in the heart of Kumamoto City, accompanied by giant camphor trees whose presence is often referred to as “The Symbol of Kumamoto.” This majestic castle is widely known as one of the “top three castles of Japan,” and is the only castle in Kyushu to hold such a distinction. In celebration of the castle’s 400th anniversary, the Lord’s Inner Palace has been renovated, reaching completion at the end of December, 2007. On the 20th of April there was a formal public revealing. It goes without saying, this castle is a must-visit for anyone interested in Kyushu culture.
Access
Board the Kumamoto bound express bus from Tenjin Bus Center. Get off at the Kumamoto Transportation Center. Altogether, the trip will take approximately 115 minutes. From the center it is a five-minute walk. Purchase a regular ticket for ¥2,000 (¥3,600 round trip), a set of four for ¥6,400. Or use the SUNQ Pass as described on the next page.
Castle Information
Open: 8:30～18:00 (Apr.~Oct.), 8:30～17:00 (Nov.~Mar.)
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥500, Child: ¥200
Address: 1-1 Honmaru, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto
TEL: 096-352-5900
SUNQ Pass

Now that you’ve read about some of Kyushu’s most interesting castles, it’s time to see them for yourself. For your convenience, we have outlined the simplest ways to travel to these castles. Consider taking advantage of SUNQ Pass. For a set fee you can enjoy unlimited travel by bus all over Kyushu! Unlimited stops and transfers means it’s both economical and flexible. See details below.

 

 

 

 

 

日本では「城＝天守閣のある城」と思われがちだが、実は城の起源はそういった建築技術が登場する以前に遡るのだ。元来城は、軍事防御のための要衝、政治支配の中心として多くの機能を果たしてきた。そういった物質的な役割と、現在でも多くの人を魅了する繊細優美な視覚的役割とが、今日私たちの目に見える平静で優美な城の風景と、城をめぐる戦の歴史とをまるで対比しているかのように、その両極端な面が共鳴することで城の歴史を重厚なものにしている。
城の起源は、縄文時代以前の旧石器時代であると言われ、自分たちの土地を守るものとして発展していった。そして中世には山に沿って作られた城、山城が登場。争いの多い不安定な時代であったため、城の視覚的な役割よりも、軍事的防御という物質的な役割の方が強かった。争いは治まることはなく不安定な時代は続き、それに伴い山城の数は増加した。その後城の役割や様式は変化し、15世紀に入って今日一般的に言われる「城」という形ができた。それまでは軍事的な役割の方が重んじられていた城だが、入念に設計された威厳ある天守閣を作り、富とパワーを示すことが軍事的役割よりもさらに重要視されるようになったのだ。
当時のままの姿で今なお現存する城もあるが、九州に現存する城は全て修復や復元されたもので、全国各地の多くの城も1960年代に修復・復元された。今なお再建されずに残る城として一番有名なのが姫路城 (兵庫県)。1951年に国宝として、さらに1993年には世界遺産に認定された。
九州にも多くの城があるが、まずはフクオカ・ナウが九州内にある４つの城をセレクト。建築当時は一部の許される者しか足を踏み入れることのできなかった日本の城。 そんな厳粛な場へ誰でも、いつでも行くことができるのは今の時代を生きる私たちの特権！城の建築美や歴史だけでなく、その周囲へちょっと足をのばして観光するにもおすすめの４カ所。 これを機会に九州の文化、歴史を再発見してみよう。

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TIMELINE
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Ancient Times (~ 1160s)
古代までの城
歴史的に城は、戦闘用の砦として始まり、権力の象徴、政治の中心地として、自分たちの土地を守るものとして発展してきた。起源としては、縄文時代の前にあたる旧石器時代にあった自らの住居を守るために作った柵、土塁といったものにはじまると言われている。

Middle Ages (1160s ~ 1568)
中世の城
平安時代は平安京などいわゆる都城制を採用していた。武士中心の中世の日本では、武士の居住地の防護を目的に山城の数も増加。政治的拠点としての役割が強くなった。

Warring States Period (1568 ~ 1867)
近世の城
戦国時代を通じて、現在の城のイメージの中心となる石垣、天守などの形式はこの時期に登場。権力の象徴として天守閣が大きく華美になっていった。

Recent Past (1867 ~ 1945)
近代以降の城
明治時代に入ると政府による破却や管理放棄、その後の震災、軍による資材の接収による崩壊が進む。またこの時期に戦争のため多くのお城が焼失してしまった。

Present Day (1945~)
現在
昭和に入り主に地域振興の目的で復元や復興が始まり、日本に現存する城は重要文化財として街の歴史を伝える大きな役目を果たし、新たに観光地としてもにぎわいをみせている。
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Four Castles
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唐津城 (佐賀県)
唐津市街の北部に位置し、唐津湾の青い海に面した小高い満島山にそびえ立つ唐津城は、唐津の初代藩主、寺沢広高が７年の歳月を費やして1608年に築城した。現存するのは昭和40年に復元されたもの。天守閣を鶴の頭に見立て、左右に広がる松原が鶴が翼を広げた形に似ていることから、別名「舞鶴城」と呼ばれる。天守まではエレベーターも利用することができるが、石段をゆっくり上って行くと、中段では藤の古木や当時の井戸も見ることができ、天守と石垣を眺める景観ポイントでもある。五層五階地下一階からなる天守閣から見る、唐津湾を臨む景色はまさに絶景。天守閣内部は資料や武具、唐津焼や考古資料などが展示されており、また趣あふれる茶室や広間などは、休憩や会議の場として市民や観光客などに利用されている。唐津城周辺は、舞鶴公園として一般に開放されており、季節ごとにきれいな花で彩られる。

唐津城 (佐賀県) までのアクセス
唐津城までのアクセスは西鉄SUNQパスを使うのがお得。車窓から眺める海や松原も満喫して！天神バスセンター発 ⇒大手口 (唐津行、高速バス) 下車後、乗り換えて唐津城入口下車 (昭和バス)。 大手口まで所要時間70分(天神 ⇒ 大手口)。
片道 ¥1,000 (往復 ¥1,800)/ 西鉄SUNQパス利用可 (右ページ参照)
住所: 唐津市東城内8-1 TEL:0955-72-5697 入場料: 大人¥400 小人¥200 時間: 9:00~17:00

島原城 (長崎県)
島原城は長崎南東部、長崎県島原市、有明海を臨む雲仙岳の麓に位置しており、1624年に松倉重政が7年の歳月をかけて完成させた。現存しているお城は1960年に復元されたもの。大手御門跡から眺める島原城は、青い空に白い五層の天守閣とのコントラストの美しさが評判で、築後380年になる石垣は威厳も兼ね備えている。城の周囲に張り巡らされたお堀には春には菖蒲、夏には蓮の花が美しく咲き、城の魅力を増している。天守閣をはじめとする城内の資料館は、キリシタン資料・藩政時代の資料を展示する歴史資料館として今も尚、重要な役割を果たしている。また1996年に、城内には1991年の雲仙普賢岳噴火災害を伝える「観光復興記念館」が開館している。島原城は美しさを兼ね備えるだけでなくその歴史を伝える重要な役割も果たしているのだ。

飫肥城 (宮崎県) までのアクセス
宮崎までは4枚綴りの回数券を使って高速バスに乗ろう。時間帯によっては、お得な学生割引の便もあるから要チェック！天神バスセンター発 ⇒ 宮交シティ (宮崎行、高速バス)下車後、 乗り換えて飫肥城下 (宮交バス)下車。宮交シティまで高速バス所用時間230分 (天神 ⇒ 宮交シティ) 。フェニックスきっぷ4枚綴り ¥19,200 ※片道 ¥6,000 (往復 ¥10,000)/ SUNQパス利用可
住所: 宮崎県日南市飫肥10丁目1-2 TEL: 0987-25-4533 入場料: 大人¥600 高大生¥450 小中生¥350 時間: 9:30~17:00

熊本城 (熊本県)
熊本市内中心部に楠の大木を従え、圧倒的な存在感を放ちながら「熊本のシンボル」的な役割も果たしている熊本城。特に機能美にあふれた城として大阪城、名古屋城と並んで日本三名城の一つとして名高いこの城は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代にかけて熊本に本拠を置いた加藤清正によって1607年に築かれたと言われている。城内に入ると真っ先に目に入るのは、大楠と独特の曲線を描く『武者返し』と呼ばれる作りの石垣。上部になるにつれて反り返っており、簡単には登れないような構造が特徴。そして展望スペースとして解放されている熊本城大天守の最上階からは熊本市内が一望でき、当時の城主が何を思いながら眺めたのかを想像するのも面白い。今も市民に愛される熊本城は、築城400年を記念して2007年12月に市民の寄付による本丸御殿大広間の復元工事が完了し、2008年4月20日より一般公開されている。天守閣や建物の素晴らしさや石垣の美しさだけでなく、名実共に熊本のシンボル的な役割を担い敬愛され続けることこそが、熊本城の大きな魅力なのかもしれない。

島原城 (長崎県) までのアクセス
島原までは高速バスで直行、回数券を使ってお得に行くことができる。お城巡りで乾いた喉は、有名な島原の湧水で潤そう！天神バスセンター発 ⇒ 島原駅前 (島原行、高速バス)下車。島原駅前まで所要時間175分(天神 ⇒ 島原駅前)。島原号回数券 4枚綴り ¥9,200 ※片道¥2,900 (往復 ¥4,600)/ SUNQパス利用可
住所: 長崎県島原市城内1-1183-1 TEL: 0957-62-4766 入場料: 大人¥520 小中高生¥260 時間:9:00~17:30

飫肥城 (宮崎県)
飫肥城は宮崎市から、南へ車でおよそ1時間ほどの場所にある、昔ながらの街並みを残す「九州の小京都」と呼ばる飫肥町に位置している。飫肥城は誰が築城したというのははっきりしていないが、日向の地に武士団として勢力を伸ばした土持氏が南北朝時代に築城したのが始まりと伝えられている。その後、飫肥城の覇権をめぐる様々な争いや大地震を経て、ようやく完成したのは1693年。現存しているものは1978年、1979年に復元されたもの。飫肥城は周囲に9つの城を配した平城であったため、城内随所に門やお堂、石垣が趣深く存在している。飫肥城を訪れる人は最初に、江戸文化の趣が随所に残る櫓門、『大手門』をくぐる。また9つの平城の一部で、江戸時代の書院造りの御殿として樹齢100年以上の杉を使って復元された『松尾の丸』は、城門や石垣もしっかり残っていて見応え十分。石垣や蔵、武家屋敷、商人通り、武家屋敷通りなど、城はもちろん城下町飫肥を徒歩やレンタサイクルで巡ってみるのもオススメ。

熊本城 (熊本県) までのアクセス
熊本城へは天神から高速バスで熊本直行便があるからとても便利。4枚綴りの回数券を賢く使おう！天神バスセンター発 ⇒ 熊本交通センター (熊本行、高速バス)下車。所要時間115分(天神 ⇒ 熊本交通センター ) ひのくに号回数券 4枚綴り ¥6,400 ※片道¥2,000 (往復 ¥3,600)/ SUNQパス利用可
住所: 熊本県熊本市本丸1-1 TEL: 096-352-5900　入場料: 大人¥500 小人¥200 時間: 8:30~18:00(4月~10月), 8:30~17:00(11月~3月)
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SUNQ Pass
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西鉄バスでは、SUNQパスなど九州各地への高速バスのお得な乗車券が発売されている。SUNQパスの詳しい情報や使い方は、右のページを参考にしてみよう。
友達と一緒に使うもよし！家族みんなで使うもよし！
九州のお城へ行くならSUNQパスを賢く使おう！

 

 

Fukuoka Now’s Guide to Four Fine Fortresses

Grand fortresses overlooking the territory of past feudal lords, Japanese castles provide a way to look backwards in time to a medieval Japan. Built almost entirely from wood and stone, these immense structures served many functions, namely as strategic locations for military defense, centers of regional governance, and as homes for feudal lords and their families. Because these castles served multiple purposes, there is a subtle beauty that resonates in the convergence between the two extremes, such as the stark contrast between the delicately curved gables and the many defensive architectural details, or between the serene surrounding landscapes visible today and the images of blood-stained battles that they bring to mind.

The first castles in Japan were named yamashiro, or mountain-castles, and were built using material excavated from the mountains on which they stood. As Japan entered periods of civil unrest, these castles quickly increased in number and strength. Initially their sole purpose was military defence, and these castles shared little resemblance to the much more extravagant castles that followed in the senkoku jidai, or Warring States period. In the 15th century, Japan entered into a 150-year-long civil war, in which it became necessary for the daimyo, or feudal lords, to fortify their residences. This marked the beginning of what many people nowadays would consider to be the “typical style” of Japanese castles. While it was definitely important to have a strong military defense during the war, it was almost equally important to appear intimidating to neighboring clans. The best way to do this was to communicate wealth and power through a tall and elaborately designed keep tower. The castles of this time period were just as much works of art as they were military headquarters. With the invention of gunpowder, the Japanese castle evolved once again, equipped with a large stone base, advanced weaponry, concentric baileys, and was normally built upon a flat plain for easy administration.
Though many have been reconstructed, there are an extremely limited number of castles with their original keeps remaining in Japan today, and unfortunately none of them are in Kyushu. Perhaps the most well-known of these castles is Himeji Castle, located in Hyogo prefecture and nicknamed the White Heron Castle in reference to its white plaster walls. The relatively small number of castles standing today can be attributed both to attacks by neighboring clans since the Heian Period, and to lightning strikes, a result of their precarious position on hilltops. All remaining original castles were declared national treasures by the government in 1951. In the 1960s, Japan experienced a castle restoration boom, and many of the more famous castles were rebuilt using concrete, although there has been a movement in more recent times to use primarily wood in an attempt to maintain some authenticy. Today, there are a total of ten castles with keeps standing in Kyushu. The most famous of these ten is easily Kumamoto Castle, designed by the famous Kato Kiyomasa and the third largest castle in Japan, ranking ahead of even Himeji Castle and behind only Osaka and Nagoya castles.

Of the limited number of castles available to visit in Kyushu, we have selected what we believe to be four of the best, and once you see them for yourself, you’re sure to feel the same way. These castles belong to a very different Japan, one where samurai exist outside of movies, where clan loyalty is often stronger than nationalism, and where a person can live beneath the shadow of a castle their entire life without once having permission to enter. Having such unrestricted access to these fortresses today is a privilege, one not available to those around while the castles were still in use. For short-term visitors to Fukuoka, you don’t want to pass up this great opportunity to experience such an important piece of Japanese culture. Fukuoka residents, if you haven’t yet witnessed the splendor of oshiro, take a peek at a few of the descriptions on the following page. Perhaps it’s about time you had a look for yourself at these wonderful treasures sitting in your backyard!

Special thanks to Daniel O’Grady of “Kyushu Castles” for much of the information and some photos. Visit his website “Castles of Kyushu” at www.japanese-castle-explorer.com/
Timeline
Ancient Times (~ 1160s)
Contrary to the belief that a castle consists of one main tower, the keep tower is actually but one part of a standard castle. Originally, castles were built to satisfy the need to protect one’s land and to display a symbol of political authority.
Middle Ages (1160s ~ 1568)
Like China and many European countries, many areas in Japan were quick to adopt a social system revolving around a centralized castle. During the Middle Ages, the number of castles built for samurai protection greatly increased. Also, the strategic positioning of castles allowed them to play a stronger role during this period.
Unification Period (1568 ~ 1867)
With the senkoku-jidai (Warring States period), the keep tower and giant stone wall, both key elements to the popular image of Japanese castles, made their appearance. During the Edo period, flatland castles became more prevalent, and practicality became less important than demonstrating political power through a giant, splendorous keep tower.
Recent Past (1867 ~ 1945)
During the Meiji period, many castles were dismantled by the Japanese government and imperial army. Also, natural disasters and remaining damage from the recent warring period contributed to the decreasing number of castles in Japan.
Present Day (1945~)
Castle reconstruction and restoration began in the Showa period with the intention of promoting the surrounding area. Nowadays, castles play an important role in preserving a city’s history by making important cultural property available for viewing. Also, their presence allows residents to escape from the stresses of city-life to do a bit of sightseeing.

Four Castles in Four Corners of Kyushu
A mini-guide to a few of our favorites

Located in the northern part of Karatsu City, Karatsu Castle was built over a seven year period by the area’s first feudal lord, Hirotaka Terazawa, reaching completion in 1608. Pieces of the abandoned Nagoya Castle were recovered and used in the construction of the original Karatsu Castle. Today, the castle is standing proudly thanks to a restoration effort made back in 1966. Today, the castle’s nickname is “Maizuru-jo,” or “Castle of the Soaring Crane,” due to the visual effect created by the pine groves (wings) on either side of the castle keep (head). Nowadays, the castle acts as a museum, housing various types of feudal artifacts. Head up to the fifth floor, which has now been renovated into an observatory and offers a tremendous view of the surrounding area. Use any remaining free time to check out Maizuru Park, well known for its Cherry Blossoms in the spring and Wisteria in the summer.
Access
From Tenjin Bus Center, hop on the Karatsu bound express bus and take it to the Oteguchi stop. From there, transfer onto the circular bus-route (Showa-bus) heading for Karatsu Castle, taking it until your final destination. The first leg of your trip will take approximately 70 minutes, followed by a 5 minute ride to Karatsu Castle. Get off at Karatsu-jo-iriguchi bus stop. The castle is within eyesight. A regular ticket will cost ¥1,000 (¥1,800 round trip), or take advantage of the SUNQ Pass featured on the next page.
Castle Information
Open: 9:00~17:00
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥400, Child: ¥200
Address: 8-1 Higashi-jonai, Karatsu-shi, Saga
TEL: 0955-72-5697

Obi Castle is located in an old-style town in Miyazaki Prefecture, roughly an hour south of Miyazaki city. The castle was reportedly erected during the nambokucho jidai, or period of northern and southern dynasties, in an effort to extend the influence of the local samurai. Following the construction, the Obi Castle’s hegemony spent a period of time fighting with neighboring clans, but after the area experienced a large earthquake, a new castle was built in its place in 1693. More recently, the castle was restored in the late 1970s during the castle restoration boom that swept Japan. Along with the nine carefully arranged separate buildings, everything else within Obi castle, such as the gate, the temple, the stone walls, all carry an air of refinement. As visitors to Obi castle pass through the large front gate, it is easy to see the strong influence of the Edo Period in just about everything. Also, within the nine separate structures spread about the castle, the palace areas are wonderfully reproduced using Japanese cedar of 100 years or greater. In addition, the castle gates and stone walls are firmly intact, and are definitely worth viewing in full. The surrounding town of the Ito family household is flourishing, and is nicknamed “Kyushu’s little Kyoto.” With giant stone walls, warehouses, a merchant street, a street for samurai residences, and more, exploring this area by foot or rental bicycle is a great way to spend the day.
Access
From Tenjin Bus Center, catch the Miyazaki bound express bus and get off at the Miyako City stop. This first leg should take about 230 minutes. From there, transfer onto the Obi bound bus (Miyako-bus) for an approximately 110 minute ride. Get off at the Obi-joshita stop. You can see the castle from there. Purchase a regular ticket for ¥6,000 (¥10,000 round trip), a set of four for ¥19,200, or take advantage of the SUNQ Pass featured on the next page.
Castle Information
Open: 9:30～17:00
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥600, High School or University Student: ¥450, Elementary or Middle School Students: ¥350
Address: 10-1-2 Obi, Nichinan City, Miyazaki
TEL: 0987-25-4533

Shimabara City, located in the southeast region of Nagasaki Prefecture, is home to the wonderful Shimabara Castle, situated at the foot of Mount Unzen looking out over Ariake Sea. Feudal lord Shigemasa Matsukura spent seven years erecting this castle, which reached completion in 1624. In 1960, the castle underwent an extensive restoration process. Standing by the ruins of the past front gate to the imperial residence, there is a beautiful contrast between the bright blue sky and the five-story-high castle keep. Though the castle wall is nearing 380 years old, it still holds the same sense of strength and beauty that it did when it was first built. Also, in the castle’s moat bloom iris flowers in the spring and lotus flowers in the summer, sprinkling color throughout the bordering area of the castle. Look in whichever direction you please while on the castle grounds and you will always be faced with gorgeous scenery. The exterior aside, the castle’s interior holds fascinating exhibits of documents and artifacts chronicling early Christianity and the Hansei period. The Shimabara Peninsula was the site of a massive uprising of Christian peasants, albeit one where both sides suffered major losses. This event holds a great amount of historical significance for the region, and Shimabara Castle is a key location to visit for those with an interest in the subject. Moreover, there are numerous pieces of information and accounts regarding the infamous eruption of Mount Unzen, a volcano located in Nagasaki Prefecture.
Access
From Tenjin Bus Center, catch the Shimabara bound express bus and get off at Shimabara-ekimae (Shimabara train station). The trip will take approximately 175 minutes. From the station it is an eight-minute walk. Purchase a regular ticket for ¥2,900 (¥4,600 round trip), or a set of four tickets for ¥9,200. The SUNQ Pass as described on the next page is another option.
Castle Information
Open: 9:00~17:30
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥520, Elementary, Middle, or High School Students: ¥260
Address: 1-1183-1 Jonai, Shimabara City, Nagasaki
TEL: 0957-62-4766

In 1877, in what is now Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan’s last desperate civil war was fought beside Kumamoto Castle. A group of former-samurai had risen in resistance to the newly empowered Meiji government, and of course was ultimately unsuccessful in defeating the government’s higher numbers and advanced weaponry. One can imagine the dark, ominous keep tower of Kumamoto Castle watching over the scene, while much of the castle itself is violently dismantled as a result of the onslaught. Two and a half centuries before this event, Kumamoto Castle had just reached completion at the hands of Kato Kiyomasa, a Japanese lord and commander known for his Spartan-like character. In 1960, much of the castle was restored, and the main keep tower was completely rebuilt. Today, the castle lies right in the heart of Kumamoto City, accompanied by giant camphor trees whose presence is often referred to as “The Symbol of Kumamoto.” This majestic castle is widely known as one of the “top three castles of Japan,” and is the only castle in Kyushu to hold such a distinction. In celebration of the castle’s 400th anniversary, the Lord’s Inner Palace has been renovated, reaching completion at the end of December, 2007. On the 20th of April there was a formal public revealing. It goes without saying, this castle is a must-visit for anyone interested in Kyushu culture.
Access
Board the Kumamoto bound express bus from Tenjin Bus Center. Get off at the Kumamoto Transportation Center. Altogether, the trip will take approximately 115 minutes. From the center it is a five-minute walk. Purchase a regular ticket for ¥2,000 (¥3,600 round trip), a set of four for ¥6,400. Or use the SUNQ Pass as described on the next page.
Castle Information
Open: 8:30～18:00 (Apr.~Oct.), 8:30～17:00 (Nov.~Mar.)
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥500, Child: ¥200
Address: 1-1 Honmaru, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto
TEL: 096-352-5900
SUNQ Pass

Now that you’ve read about some of Kyushu’s most interesting castles, it’s time to see them for yourself. For your convenience, we have outlined the simplest ways to travel to these castles. Consider taking advantage of SUNQ Pass. For a set fee you can enjoy unlimited travel by bus all over Kyushu! Unlimited stops and transfers means it’s both economical and flexible. See details below.

 

 

 

 

 

Fukuoka Now’s Guide to Four Fine Fortresses

Grand fortresses overlooking the territory of past feudal lords, Japanese castles provide a way to look backwards in time to a medieval Japan. Built almost entirely from wood and stone, these immense structures served many functions, namely as strategic locations for military defense, centers of regional governance, and as homes for feudal lords and their families. Because these castles served multiple purposes, there is a subtle beauty that resonates in the convergence between the two extremes, such as the stark contrast between the delicately curved gables and the many defensive architectural details, or between the serene surrounding landscapes visible today and the images of blood-stained battles that they bring to mind.

The first castles in Japan were named yamashiro, or mountain-castles, and were built using material excavated from the mountains on which they stood. As Japan entered periods of civil unrest, these castles quickly increased in number and strength. Initially their sole purpose was military defence, and these castles shared little resemblance to the much more extravagant castles that followed in the senkoku jidai, or Warring States period. In the 15th century, Japan entered into a 150-year-long civil war, in which it became necessary for the daimyo, or feudal lords, to fortify their residences. This marked the beginning of what many people nowadays would consider to be the “typical style” of Japanese castles. While it was definitely important to have a strong military defense during the war, it was almost equally important to appear intimidating to neighboring clans. The best way to do this was to communicate wealth and power through a tall and elaborately designed keep tower. The castles of this time period were just as much works of art as they were military headquarters. With the invention of gunpowder, the Japanese castle evolved once again, equipped with a large stone base, advanced weaponry, concentric baileys, and was normally built upon a flat plain for easy administration.
Though many have been reconstructed, there are an extremely limited number of castles with their original keeps remaining in Japan today, and unfortunately none of them are in Kyushu. Perhaps the most well-known of these castles is Himeji Castle, located in Hyogo prefecture and nicknamed the White Heron Castle in reference to its white plaster walls. The relatively small number of castles standing today can be attributed both to attacks by neighboring clans since the Heian Period, and to lightning strikes, a result of their precarious position on hilltops. All remaining original castles were declared national treasures by the government in 1951. In the 1960s, Japan experienced a castle restoration boom, and many of the more famous castles were rebuilt using concrete, although there has been a movement in more recent times to use primarily wood in an attempt to maintain some authenticy. Today, there are a total of ten castles with keeps standing in Kyushu. The most famous of these ten is easily Kumamoto Castle, designed by the famous Kato Kiyomasa and the third largest castle in Japan, ranking ahead of even Himeji Castle and behind only Osaka and Nagoya castles.

Of the limited number of castles available to visit in Kyushu, we have selected what we believe to be four of the best, and once you see them for yourself, you’re sure to feel the same way. These castles belong to a very different Japan, one where samurai exist outside of movies, where clan loyalty is often stronger than nationalism, and where a person can live beneath the shadow of a castle their entire life without once having permission to enter. Having such unrestricted access to these fortresses today is a privilege, one not available to those around while the castles were still in use. For short-term visitors to Fukuoka, you don’t want to pass up this great opportunity to experience such an important piece of Japanese culture. Fukuoka residents, if you haven’t yet witnessed the splendor of oshiro, take a peek at a few of the descriptions on the following page. Perhaps it’s about time you had a look for yourself at these wonderful treasures sitting in your backyard!

Special thanks to Daniel O’Grady of “Kyushu Castles” for much of the information and some photos. Visit his website “Castles of Kyushu” at www.japanese-castle-explorer.com/
Timeline
Ancient Times (~ 1160s)
Contrary to the belief that a castle consists of one main tower, the keep tower is actually but one part of a standard castle. Originally, castles were built to satisfy the need to protect one’s land and to display a symbol of political authority.
Middle Ages (1160s ~ 1568)
Like China and many European countries, many areas in Japan were quick to adopt a social system revolving around a centralized castle. During the Middle Ages, the number of castles built for samurai protection greatly increased. Also, the strategic positioning of castles allowed them to play a stronger role during this period.
Unification Period (1568 ~ 1867)
With the senkoku-jidai (Warring States period), the keep tower and giant stone wall, both key elements to the popular image of Japanese castles, made their appearance. During the Edo period, flatland castles became more prevalent, and practicality became less important than demonstrating political power through a giant, splendorous keep tower.
Recent Past (1867 ~ 1945)
During the Meiji period, many castles were dismantled by the Japanese government and imperial army. Also, natural disasters and remaining damage from the recent warring period contributed to the decreasing number of castles in Japan.
Present Day (1945~)
Castle reconstruction and restoration began in the Showa period with the intention of promoting the surrounding area. Nowadays, castles play an important role in preserving a city’s history by making important cultural property available for viewing. Also, their presence allows residents to escape from the stresses of city-life to do a bit of sightseeing.

Four Castles in Four Corners of Kyushu
A mini-guide to a few of our favorites

Located in the northern part of Karatsu City, Karatsu Castle was built over a seven year period by the area’s first feudal lord, Hirotaka Terazawa, reaching completion in 1608. Pieces of the abandoned Nagoya Castle were recovered and used in the construction of the original Karatsu Castle. Today, the castle is standing proudly thanks to a restoration effort made back in 1966. Today, the castle’s nickname is “Maizuru-jo,” or “Castle of the Soaring Crane,” due to the visual effect created by the pine groves (wings) on either side of the castle keep (head). Nowadays, the castle acts as a museum, housing various types of feudal artifacts. Head up to the fifth floor, which has now been renovated into an observatory and offers a tremendous view of the surrounding area. Use any remaining free time to check out Maizuru Park, well known for its Cherry Blossoms in the spring and Wisteria in the summer.
Access
From Tenjin Bus Center, hop on the Karatsu bound express bus and take it to the Oteguchi stop. From there, transfer onto the circular bus-route (Showa-bus) heading for Karatsu Castle, taking it until your final destination. The first leg of your trip will take approximately 70 minutes, followed by a 5 minute ride to Karatsu Castle. Get off at Karatsu-jo-iriguchi bus stop. The castle is within eyesight. A regular ticket will cost ¥1,000 (¥1,800 round trip), or take advantage of the SUNQ Pass featured on the next page.
Castle Information
Open: 9:00~17:00
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥400, Child: ¥200
Address: 8-1 Higashi-jonai, Karatsu-shi, Saga
TEL: 0955-72-5697

Obi Castle is located in an old-style town in Miyazaki Prefecture, roughly an hour south of Miyazaki city. The castle was reportedly erected during the nambokucho jidai, or period of northern and southern dynasties, in an effort to extend the influence of the local samurai. Following the construction, the Obi Castle’s hegemony spent a period of time fighting with neighboring clans, but after the area experienced a large earthquake, a new castle was built in its place in 1693. More recently, the castle was restored in the late 1970s during the castle restoration boom that swept Japan. Along with the nine carefully arranged separate buildings, everything else within Obi castle, such as the gate, the temple, the stone walls, all carry an air of refinement. As visitors to Obi castle pass through the large front gate, it is easy to see the strong influence of the Edo Period in just about everything. Also, within the nine separate structures spread about the castle, the palace areas are wonderfully reproduced using Japanese cedar of 100 years or greater. In addition, the castle gates and stone walls are firmly intact, and are definitely worth viewing in full. The surrounding town of the Ito family household is flourishing, and is nicknamed “Kyushu’s little Kyoto.” With giant stone walls, warehouses, a merchant street, a street for samurai residences, and more, exploring this area by foot or rental bicycle is a great way to spend the day.
Access
From Tenjin Bus Center, catch the Miyazaki bound express bus and get off at the Miyako City stop. This first leg should take about 230 minutes. From there, transfer onto the Obi bound bus (Miyako-bus) for an approximately 110 minute ride. Get off at the Obi-joshita stop. You can see the castle from there. Purchase a regular ticket for ¥6,000 (¥10,000 round trip), a set of four for ¥19,200, or take advantage of the SUNQ Pass featured on the next page.
Castle Information
Open: 9:30～17:00
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥600, High School or University Student: ¥450, Elementary or Middle School Students: ¥350
Address: 10-1-2 Obi, Nichinan City, Miyazaki
TEL: 0987-25-4533

Shimabara City, located in the southeast region of Nagasaki Prefecture, is home to the wonderful Shimabara Castle, situated at the foot of Mount Unzen looking out over Ariake Sea. Feudal lord Shigemasa Matsukura spent seven years erecting this castle, which reached completion in 1624. In 1960, the castle underwent an extensive restoration process. Standing by the ruins of the past front gate to the imperial residence, there is a beautiful contrast between the bright blue sky and the five-story-high castle keep. Though the castle wall is nearing 380 years old, it still holds the same sense of strength and beauty that it did when it was first built. Also, in the castle’s moat bloom iris flowers in the spring and lotus flowers in the summer, sprinkling color throughout the bordering area of the castle. Look in whichever direction you please while on the castle grounds and you will always be faced with gorgeous scenery. The exterior aside, the castle’s interior holds fascinating exhibits of documents and artifacts chronicling early Christianity and the Hansei period. The Shimabara Peninsula was the site of a massive uprising of Christian peasants, albeit one where both sides suffered major losses. This event holds a great amount of historical significance for the region, and Shimabara Castle is a key location to visit for those with an interest in the subject. Moreover, there are numerous pieces of information and accounts regarding the infamous eruption of Mount Unzen, a volcano located in Nagasaki Prefecture.
Access
From Tenjin Bus Center, catch the Shimabara bound express bus and get off at Shimabara-ekimae (Shimabara train station). The trip will take approximately 175 minutes. From the station it is an eight-minute walk. Purchase a regular ticket for ¥2,900 (¥4,600 round trip), or a set of four tickets for ¥9,200. The SUNQ Pass as described on the next page is another option.
Castle Information
Open: 9:00~17:30
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥520, Elementary, Middle, or High School Students: ¥260
Address: 1-1183-1 Jonai, Shimabara City, Nagasaki
TEL: 0957-62-4766

In 1877, in what is now Kumamoto City, Kumamoto, Japan’s last desperate civil war was fought beside Kumamoto Castle. A group of former-samurai had risen in resistance to the newly empowered Meiji government, and of course was ultimately unsuccessful in defeating the government’s higher numbers and advanced weaponry. One can imagine the dark, ominous keep tower of Kumamoto Castle watching over the scene, while much of the castle itself is violently dismantled as a result of the onslaught. Two and a half centuries before this event, Kumamoto Castle had just reached completion at the hands of Kato Kiyomasa, a Japanese lord and commander known for his Spartan-like character. In 1960, much of the castle was restored, and the main keep tower was completely rebuilt. Today, the castle lies right in the heart of Kumamoto City, accompanied by giant camphor trees whose presence is often referred to as “The Symbol of Kumamoto.” This majestic castle is widely known as one of the “top three castles of Japan,” and is the only castle in Kyushu to hold such a distinction. In celebration of the castle’s 400th anniversary, the Lord’s Inner Palace has been renovated, reaching completion at the end of December, 2007. On the 20th of April there was a formal public revealing. It goes without saying, this castle is a must-visit for anyone interested in Kyushu culture.
Access
Board the Kumamoto bound express bus from Tenjin Bus Center. Get off at the Kumamoto Transportation Center. Altogether, the trip will take approximately 115 minutes. From the center it is a five-minute walk. Purchase a regular ticket for ¥2,000 (¥3,600 round trip), a set of four for ¥6,400. Or use the SUNQ Pass as described on the next page.
Castle Information
Open: 8:30～18:00 (Apr.~Oct.), 8:30～17:00 (Nov.~Mar.)
Entrance Fee: Adult: ¥500, Child: ¥200
Address: 1-1 Honmaru, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto
TEL: 096-352-5900
SUNQ Pass

Now that you’ve read about some of Kyushu’s most interesting castles, it’s time to see them for yourself. For your convenience, we have outlined the simplest ways to travel to these castles. Consider taking advantage of SUNQ Pass. For a set fee you can enjoy unlimited travel by bus all over Kyushu! Unlimited stops and transfers means it’s both economical and flexible. See details below.